Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 Gene Knockout Attenuates Atherosclerosis and In Vivo Foam Cell Formation in Hyperlipidemic apoE −/− Mice

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053192

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cytokine protein levels detected in cell culture media by protein multiplex analysis following overnight exposure of peritoneal foam cells to ∼30 µg/ml of oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL) vs. untreated controls. Peritoneal foam cells were harvested from Western diet-fed 11βHSD1 +/+ /apoE −/− (+/+) and 11βHSD1 −/− /apoE −/− (−/−) mice. G-CSF, KC, MCP1 and TNF-α levels were normalized to total cellular protein content. Cell culture media contained 200 nM 11-dehydrocorticosterone throughout the course of the experiment. Significance vs. control: *p≤0.05.

Article Snippet: Macrophages were incubated overnight in the presence or absence of ∼30 µg/ml copper-oxidized LDL (#BT-910, Biomedical Technologies, Stoughton, MA).

Techniques: Cell Culture, Multiplex Assay, Western Blot

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Hypercholesterolemia-Induced HDL Dysfunction Can Be Reversed: The Impact of Diet and Statin Treatment in a Preclinical Animal Model

doi: 10.3390/ijms23158596

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of diet and rosuvastatin intervention on HDL antioxidant capacity. Changes in HDL antioxidant capacity are presented as percent antioxidant index (( A ), % AOI; measure for capacity to reverse LDL oxidation) and levels of conjugated dienes (( B – E ) product of lipid oxidation). Data are shown as mean ± SEM (( A ); for visual clarity of the graph) or SD (whiskers) over the period of 40 days. ( A ) includes all four groups, whereas ( B – E ) represent each group individually. Shapiro–Wilk test confirmed normality (alpha = 0.05), and data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multicomparison test and considered significant with a p -value < 0.05. For ( A ): * p < 0.05 in comparison to day 0; † p < 0.05 in comparison to day 10; # p < 0.05 compared to HC; § p < 0.05 in comparison to NC. For ( B – E ): * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.0001 in comparison to day 0; † p < 0.05 in comparison to day 10. d0–40: day 0–40; HC: hypercholesterolemic diet; NC: normocholesterolemic diet; +R/+rosu: + rosuvastatin; LDL: low-density lipoprotein.

Article Snippet: HDL AOI is based on the capacity of HDL particles to actively reverse LDL oxidation using 2,7-dichlorofluoresceindiacetate (H2DCFDA) (Invitrogen Inc., Carlsbad, CA, USA) and copper-oxidized LDL particles (Kalen Biomedical Inc., Savage, MD, USA).

Techniques: